German - Russian Dictionary
/ɛs/
Es is the German neuter pronoun meaning he, she, it, or that depending on context. In Russian, it translates to он, она, оно, это, or various object forms like его, ему, им depending on the grammatical case and the gender of the noun it refers to.
| # | Type | German | Russian |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pronoun | es subject — inanimate thing | он |
| 2 | pronoun | es subject — inanimate thing | она |
| 3 | pronoun | es subject — inanimate thing | оно |
| 4 | pronoun | es subject — inanimate thing | это |
| 5 | pronoun | es object — see also that | его |
| 6 | pronoun | es object — see also that | ему |
| 7 | pronoun | es object — see also that | им |
| 8 | pronoun | es object — see also that | её |
| 9 | pronoun | es object — see also that | ей |
| 10 | pronoun | es object — see also that | ею |
| 11 | pronoun | es she | её |
| 12 | pronoun | es she | ей |
| 13 | noun | es tone between D and E | ми-бемоль |
| 14 | pronoun | es subject of impersonal statement | это |
Das Buch ist interessant. Es liegt auf dem Tisch.
Книга интересная. Она лежит на столе.
Es ist kalt heute.
Сегодня холодно.
Ich sehe das Auto und kaufe es.
Я вижу машину и покупаю её.
In German, es agrees with the grammatical gender of the noun it replaces (das Mädchen → es; die Frau → sie; der Mann → er), but Russian requires the pronoun to match the actual biological gender or use the neuter оно for inanimate objects. German uses es for impersonal statements like Es regnet (It rains), which becomes безличная конструкция in Russian without a pronoun.
Source: Wiktionary · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Audio: Wikimedia Commons